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Aimed to solve the issues of pesticide residue, heavy metal contents and harmful elements in the productive process of Chinese herbal medicines, the research team built the technical regulations for production of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines. This regulation included the environment of production area, the process of production, quality of products etc., which were the key steps controlled the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. The environment of production area was selected according to the ecological factors which were stipulated by Ecological Suitability Regionalization of Chinese herbal medicines (second edition). The quality of air should be attain the one or two levels of GB/T3095-2012 standard values. The cultivation soils should reach to the one or two levels of GB15618 and NY/T391 standard values. The quality of irrigation water should accord with the stipulation of GB5084-2005. Aimed to the production of Chinese herbal medicines, disease-resistant and superior varieties which were suitable to the local stations should be selected, and the breeding of superior seeds and seedlings should be strengthened. Additionally, rational fertilizer application of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines should be conformed to the principles, requirements, and the kinds of fertilizers allowed or limited for use, which were stipulated by the standard of DB13/T454. Furthermore, the plant protection policy of priority to prevention and synthetical prevention should be followed; improving ecological environment and strengthening cultivation management should be served as the basics. Agricultural measures, and biological and physical control strategies should be preferred to use; and high toxicity, residue pesticide and its mixture should be inhibited; the use of chemical pesticides should be minimized and then to decrease contamination and residue. Additionally, the quality of products should be reached to the standard of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines; high toxicity and detection rate of pesticide residues and the contents of heavy metal and harmful elements (e.g. plumbum, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and cuprum) should accord with the common criteria of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines. Application of technical regulations for production of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines guarantees significantly social, economic and ecological benefits.
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Objective To investigate the TCM syndrome type distribution of hypertensive patients; To analyze the correlation of blood pressure variability (BPV) parameters and its influence factors. Methods The data of 515 hypertensive patients including demographic information, laboratory test parameters, risk factors and clinical symptoms were collected for correlation analysis and the patients were divided to different TCM syndromes. BPV parameters of 515 hypertensive patients were acquired by 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, then our study analyzed and compared the differents of 24 h MSBP, 24 h MDBP, 24 h MSCV, 24 h MDCV, DMSBP, DMDBP, DMSCV, DMDCV, NMSBP, NMDBP, NMSCV, NMDCV between different TCM syndromes. Results There were 160 cases with hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, 136 cases with turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, 83 cases with overabundant liver-fire syndrome, 69 cases with deficiency of kidney qi, and 67 cases with abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome. The difference of gender and age was statistically significant between different TCM syndromes (P<0.05). Compared with the group of hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, the level of 24 h MSBP, 24 h MDBP, DMSBP, DMDBP, NMSBP, NMDBP, 24 h MSCV, 24 h MDCV, DMSCV, DMDCV, NMSCV and NMDCV had statistical significance in the groups of turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, overabundant liver-fire syndrome, deficiency of kidney qi and abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors including gender (female), insomnia (time<6 h), sodium salt intake, emotion and educational level were positively correlated to hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency, and other factors including gender (female), age, sodium salt intake and educational level positively correlated with turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome. And the study also showed that age, sodium salt intake, family history of hypertension and educational level were positively correlated to abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome. Conclusion The BPV parameters and blood pressure are significantly increased d in the group of hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency than other groups, but decrease in the group of abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome. Hyperactivity of yang due to yin deficiency syndrome, abundant phlegm-dampness syndrome and turbid phlegm and blood stasis syndrome are closely related to the influencing factors that lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.
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Through the analysis on research status of Western medicine for treating hypertentionand the relationship between hypertension and "wind", and by combining with the characteristics of wind, this article believed that the multiple risk factors, pathogenesis and target organ damage of hypertension are related to the "wind". It pointed out that pathogenic wind is the major risk factor for hypertensionas, and linked the characteristics of carminatives to explore pathogenesis of treatment of hypertension from "wind".
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Yes-associated protein (YAP) plays an important role in signal transduction and gene transcription regulation in normal cells, with elevated and over-expressed YAP levels observed in various malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of YAP in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to study the possible relationship of YAP expression with the occurrence and development of NSCLC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>YAP expression was assessed in 40 cases of NSCLC tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry, and their protein and mRNA levels were evaluated through Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively. Normal lung tissues obtained from the same patient were used as control. Statistical analysis was performed to correlate the YAP expression to clinical pathological factors, such as tumor type, stage and grade.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>YAP-positive expression was found in 28 (70%) of the 40 cases of NSCLC, which included 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (25%), 17 cases of adenocarcinoma (42.5%) and 1 case of squamous adenocarcinoma (2.5%). In the 28 YAP-positive cases, 19 cases showed lymph node metastasis and were classified in TNM stage II + III (47.5%); the other nine cases showed no lymph node metastasis (22.5%) and were classified in the TNM stage I. There was no relationship between YAP expression and patients' age, gender or tumor histological grades. However, YAP showed significant over expression in late period of T stage (P = 0.012), TNM stage (P = 0.039), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.013), respectively. Notably, YAP-positive expression was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than that in squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.041).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Over-expression of YAP was associated with NSCLC, especially lung adenocarcinoma. The high YAP expression in late period of tumor stage and lymph node metastasis may indicate that YAP expression could be an early marker for NSCLC tumorigenesis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing , Genetics , Metabolism , Blotting, Western , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Metabolism , Pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Phosphoproteins , Genetics , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis in middle-aged and elderly population in the community of Foshan city,Guangdong province. Methods Subjects from residential communities were chosen through Cluster sampling method. Physical data and history were collected. Serum fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were tested with venous blood samples. Intracranial artery stenosis was diagnosed by transcranial Doppler(TCD). Data was analyzed by the software SPSS 18.0.Results 1405 subjects met the inclusive criteria, among which 163(11.6%)were found one(7.4%)or more(4.2%)stenotic arteries, and the standardized rate was 10.3%. 9.89% of the SICA, and 3.05%, 2.29%, 1.59%, 1.38%, 0.89% of basilar artery, middle cerebral artery, anterior lerebral artery,vertebral artery, posterior cerebral artery were found stenotic respectively. Data from the age-stratified analysis showed that the prevalence in these above 70(27.8%)was significantly higher than that under age 70(7.5%)(P=0.000). Single factor and logistic regression analysis demonstrated the history of diabetes mellitus and elevated systolic pressure present were significantly different between stenofic group and the non-stenotic group(P=0.000, P=0.000), which were the independent risk factors of asymptomatic stenosis of intracranial arteries(OR= 2.362,95%CI:1.194-4.674; OR= 1.024,95%CI:1.016-1.031). Conclusion Comparatively high prevalence of asymptomatic intracranial artery stenosis in middle-aged and aged community population was found in the Southern part of China,especially among the age group above 70. History of diabetes and elevated systolic pressure seemed to be the independent risk factors of asymptomatic stenosis of intracranial arteries.